CRITERIA FOR DESIGNING A SOLAR SYSTEM
When designing a solar system we need to have information to decide on the most suitable system. This basic information, common for the design of any solar system, consists of data related to:
Needs of user and setting up conditions
Orientation and inclination of surface available for setting up
Local weather patterns
Project globality
This information along with appropriate simulation programmes allows us to correctly design the solar system.
The use of tables or extremely easy-to-use calculation programmes simplifies the effective design of a natural flow solar system.
Here follows an example with tables for calculating the model of a natural flow thermal solar system.
CALCULATION EXAMPLE
Application: Thermal
Location: Salamanca 41ºN
| DATA |
RESULTS |
Inclination: 50º
Deviation N-S: 0º
Time adjustment : 1.00
Global loss :15%
Number of users: 10
Litres per user a day: 60
Collector area : 2.13m2
B and M parameters: 0.83, 4.18
Usage temperature : 45º C
Kw.h cost: 0.1
|
Annual demand : 24438 MJ
Sqm (Square metre) per year power: 2344 MJ
Solar contribution : 77.8%
Energetic deficit : 5414 MJ
Annual saving : 529
Auxiliary energy cost: 151
Collector surface : 10.7 m2
Number of collectors : 5
|
| MONTHLY FIGURES |
| |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
| JAN |
70 |
13.0 |
5 |
40 |
520 |
2179 |
70.3 |
6.1 |
| FEB |
70 |
11.8 |
6 |
39 |
458 |
1918 |
68.5 |
9.5 |
| MAR |
70 |
13.0 |
8 |
37 |
481 |
2015 |
65.0 |
13.5 |
| APR |
70 |
12.6 |
10 |
35 |
441 |
1845 |
61.5 |
17.1 |
| MAY |
70 |
13.0 |
11 |
34 |
442 |
1852 |
59.7 |
19.7 |
| JUN |
70 |
12.6 |
12 |
33 |
415 |
1739 |
58.0 |
22.8 |
| JUL |
100 |
18.6 |
13 |
32 |
595 |
2490 |
80.3 |
24.6 |
| AUG |
100 |
18.6 |
12 |
33 |
613 |
2568 |
82.8 |
22.6 |
| SEP |
70 |
12.6 |
11 |
34 |
428 |
1792 |
59.7 |
17.5 |
| OCT |
70 |
13.0 |
10 |
35 |
455 |
1906 |
61.5 |
11.3 |
| NOV |
70 |
12.6 |
8 |
37 |
466 |
1950 |
65.0 |
7.4 |
| DEC |
70 |
13.0 |
5 |
40 |
520 |
2179 |
70.3 |
5.2 |
| MONTHLY FIGURES |
| |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
| JUN |
6.1 |
1.42 |
8.14 |
8 |
282 |
6 |
57.7 |
20.4 |
| FEB |
9.5 |
1.3 |
11.61 |
9 |
358 |
7 |
44.3 |
33.7 |
| MAR |
13.5 |
1.14 |
14.47 |
9 |
446 |
10 |
32.8 |
45.3 |
| APR |
17.1 |
0.99 |
15.91 |
9.5 |
465 |
13 |
28.7 |
49.3 |
| MAY |
19.7 |
0.88 |
16.30 |
9.5 |
476 |
16 |
25.4 |
52.6 |
| JUN |
22.8 |
0.84 |
18.00 |
9.5 |
526 |
20 |
19.9 |
58.2 |
| JUL |
24.6 |
0.88 |
20.35 |
9.5 |
595 |
24 |
14.8 |
63.3 |
| AUG |
22.6 |
1.01 |
21.46 |
9.5 |
627 |
23 |
14.7 |
63.4 |
| SEP |
17.5 |
1.19 |
19.58 |
9 |
604 |
20 |
17.3 |
60.7 |
| OCT |
11.3 |
1.41 |
14.98 |
9 |
462 |
14 |
28.0 |
50.0 |
| NOV |
7.4 |
1.56 |
10.85 |
8 |
376 |
9 |
39.9 |
38.1 |
| DEC |
5.2 |
1.54 |
7.53 |
7.5 |
278 |
6 |
58.5 |
19.5 |
| MONTHLY FIGURES |
| |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
| JUN |
1.66 |
1.41 |
43.7 |
465 |
21.3 |
1713 |
| FEB |
3.91 |
3.32 |
93.1 |
991 |
51.7 |
927 |
| MAR |
6.55 |
5.56 |
172.5 |
1837 |
91.1 |
178 |
| APR |
7.84 |
6.66 |
199.9 |
2129 |
100.0 |
0 |
| MAY |
8.57 |
7.28 |
225.8 |
2404 |
100.0 |
0 |
| JUN |
10.47 |
8.90 |
267.0 |
2843 |
100.0 |
0 |
| JUL |
12.87 |
10.94 |
339.2 |
3612 |
100.0 |
0 |
| AUG |
13.60 |
11.56 |
358.2 |
3815 |
100.0 |
0 |
| SEP |
11.89 |
10.10 |
303.1 |
3228 |
100.0 |
0 |
| OCT |
7.49 |
6.36 |
197.3 |
2100 |
100.0 |
0 |
| NOV |
4.13 |
3.51 |
105.4 |
1122 |
57.5 |
828 |
| DEC |
1.47 |
1.25 |
38.8 |
412 |
19.0 |
1766 |
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